What are the salient features of the protection to labor provision of the Constitution?

The salient features of the Protection to Labor provision of the Constitution (Article XIII. Section 3) are as follows:

1. Extent of Protection – Full protection to labor;

2. Coverage of Protection – Local and overseas, organized and unorganized;

3. Employment Policy – Full employment and equality of employment opportunities for all;

4. Guarantees

4.1. Unionism and Method of Determination Conditions of Employment – Right of all workers to self-organization, collective bargaining and negotiations.

4.2. Concerted Activities – Right to engage in peaceful concerted activities, including the right to strike in accordance with law.

4.3. Working Conditions – Right to security of tenure, humane conditions of work and a living wage.

4.4. Decision Making Processes – Right to participate hi policy and decision making processes affecting their rights and benefits as way to provided by law.

5. Share in Fruits of production – Recognition of right of labor to its just share in fruits of production.

(Lifted from “Answers to Bar Examination Questions in Labor Law and Social Legislation”, Atty. Icao, 2005)